# 定制音频图

每个音频用例都是一个具有特定类型子图的图。每个子图都有一个或多个执行特定功能的功能软件块（称为模块）。

## 音频图术语

音频图术语

| **用例** | 从发送端端点到接收端端点的模块图，符合产品定义的用例。 |
| --- | --- |
| **图** | 对一组连接在一起以创建特定用例的一个或多个子图的逻辑解释。 |
| **子图** | 一组连接在一起并作为单个实体进行操作的模块的逻辑抽象。 |
| **Container** | 允许系统设计人员在单个软件线程中将音频处理模块分组并一起运行的对象。 |
| **模块** | 信号处理框架中最小的独立处理单元。 |
| **键值 (KV) 对** | 键向量中的单个键和关联值。例如，键可以是声音设备，值可以是耳机、扬声器或某些其他声音设备。 |
| **键向量** | 通过一组 KV 对唯一的标识图或子图。 |
| **图键向量 (GKV)** | GKV 是获取图的唯一标识符，由 KV 对表示。当从 QACT UI 画布创建子图时，图或系统设计器会将一组唯一的 <keys> 与 <values> 相关联。 |
| **校准键向量 (CKV)** | CKV 是获取校准数据的唯一标识符，由 KV 对表示。当存储校准数据时，图或系统设计器会将一组唯一的 <keys> 与 <values> 相关联。 |
| **标签和标签键向量 (TKV)** | 标签是为一个或多个模块设置 runtime 参数的标识符。它允许在 runtime 更新图中的模块配置（例如，启用/禁用回声消除或均衡等功能）。 |

## 图段

音频用例具有以下段。

前端代表 Stream 和 StreamPP 子图，而后端代表 PSPD、DevicePP 和 Device 子图。

图段

| **Stream** | 提供数据写入/读取接口并执行压缩数据的解码和编码。 |
| --- | --- |
| **StreamPP** | 具有基于流的处理模块（例如，均衡器）。 |
| **PSPD** | 包含用于将流媒体格式转换为设备媒体格式的模块 |
| **DevicePP** | 具有用于声音设备调节的处理模块。 |
| **Device** | 硬件端点，例如 CodecDMA (Soundwire)、I2S 或 TDM 端口 |

一旦前端使用路由混音器控件连接到后端，完整的 GKV 就会通过连接子图 GKV 和使用混音器控件分配的 CKV 来形成。打开前端 PCM 或 Compress 设备后，AGM 会使用连接好的 GKV 和 CKV 调用 GSL API，以在 SPF 中搭建图并应用校准。同时，AGM 打开与连接的后端相对应的内核 PCM 设备，开始音频外设设置。

## 示例音频图

下图显示了播放场景的示例音频图。

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v:langid="2052">扬声器</tspan><tspan class="st20" v:langid="2052"> </tspan>PP]</text>		</g>	<g id="shape36-179" v:mid="36" v:groupcontext="shape" transform="translate(2491.47,-71.9356)">		<title>Sheet.36</title>		<desc>SGKV: [DeviceRx:Speaker]</desc>		<v:textblock v:margins="rect(4,4,4,4)"></v:textblock>		<v:textrect cx="135.534" cy="361.428" width="271.07" height="72.1435"></v:textrect>		<rect x="0" y="325.356" width="271.068" height="72.1435" rx="4.5" ry="4.5" class="st18"></rect>		<text x="31.69" y="367.43" class="st19" v:langid="1033"><v:paragraph v:spline="-1.5" v:horizalign="1"></v:paragraph><v:tablist></v:tablist>SGKV: [DeviceRx:Speaker]</text>		</g></g>
</svg>

播放的示例音频图

在此图中：

1. 流子图具有写入共享内存端点、PCM 解码器和 PCM 转换器。客户端传递 PCM 样本以写入共享内存端点。
2. 如果需要转换，PCM 转换器将 PCM 样本转换为特定于流的后处理模块支持的格式。
3. Stream 子图被输出到包含媒体格式转换器 (MFC) 的流 Device 子图中。MFC 将 Stream 子图 PCM 转换为 Device 子图 PCM 格式。
4. 转换后，stream-device 子图被输出到 devicePP 子图中，用于特定设备的后处理。混音器放置在子图的开头，用于混合输入流。
5. 然后，DevicePP 子图的输出被流到 Device 子图中，该子图包含 I2S 驱动程序等硬件端点模块。

以下是此示例图的 GKV：

GKV1: <StreamRX1 KVs, StreamRX2 PP KVs, StreamRX1DeviceRX KVs, DeviceRX PP KVs, DeviceRX KVs>
    
    GKV2: <StreamRX2 KVs, StreamRX2 PP KVs, StreamRX2DeviceRX KVs, DeviceRX PP KVs, DeviceRX KVs>
    Copy to clipboard

### 音频图管理器

音频图管理器 (AGM) 提供接口，允许基于 TinyALSA 的混音器控件和 PCM/压缩插件进行交互并启用音频用例。AGM 作为 PipeWire 服务的一部分，在用户空间中运行。

AGM 为混音器插件提供 API 和 PCM/压缩 API 来设置音频用例。它维护许多 ALSA 客户端来设置用例。AGM 还管理前端到后端的连接。

下图显示了 AGM 块的高层结构。

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</svg>

高层 AGM 软件块

AGM 对象

| 对象 | 说明 |
| --- | --- |
| **会话** | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>会话对象是音频播放或采集会话。</p></li><br><li><p>调用特定于会话的混音器控件或 API 可创建会话。</p></li><br><li><p>为 TinyALSA 插件提供 API 以配置流并管理图和设备对象的状态转换。</p></li><br></ul> |
| **图** | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>图对象是音频用例。</p></li><br><li><p>它与 GSL 交互以打开、管理和关闭图。</p></li><br><li><p>提供用于图创建的 API、管理图以及配置流和设备端点。</p></li><br></ul> |
| **Device** | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>设备对象是来自 ALSA 声卡的 ALSA 设备。</p></li><br><li><p>枚举可用的音频接口并提供用于转换设备状态的设备 API。</p></li><br></ul> |

### AudioReach 图服务

AudioReach Graph Service (ARGS) 由图服务层 (GSL)、通用包路由器 (GPR) 和 ACDB 管理层 (AML) 组成。它处理图的初始化和创建，以及创建用于向 SPF 发送一系列命令的数据包。

ARGS 组件

| 组件 | 说明 |
| --- | --- |
| **GSL** | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>图服务层 (GSL) 是 SPF 的软件驱动程序，用于管理图、子图、缓存和配置。</p></li><br><li><p>GSL 使用图键向量 (GKV) 加载并初始化图。</p></li><br><li><p>其处理数据命令和 SPF 模块校准。</p></li><br></ul> |
| **GPR** | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>通用包路由器 (GPR) 通过 SPF 和图服务库路由音频消息数据包。</p></li><br><li><p>处理用于构造音频图和处理音频的命令。</p></li><br></ul> |
| **AML** | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>acdb 管理层 (AML) 提供获取/设置 API 以获取和调整 acdb 文件中的数据。</p></li><br><li><p>为音频驱动程序及其组件如何使用校准数据提供数据抽象和组织。</p></li><br></ul> |

## 音频校准数据库 (Audio calibration database)

acdb 是应用处理器上的静态数据库。它具有 LPAI 的所有调整/校准参数。`*.acdb` 文件格式为各种用例组织各种音频模块的校准数据。

使用 QACT（一种 PC 工具）编辑此文件格式，并将其放在设备文件系统中的 `/etc/acdbdata/` 文件夹中。在用例初始化或设备切换期间，AML 通过给定的 GKV 查询 ACDB 数据库，并将设备校准数据传送到 SPF。

### 信号处理框架

信号处理框架 (SPF) 在 LPAI 子系统中运行并执行音频数据处理。

下图给出了 SPF 中使用的功能块的高层概述。

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</svg>

高层 SPF 软件块

SPF 组件

| 组件 | 说明 |
| --- | --- |
| **APM** | 音频处理管理器 (APM) 设置并管理 SPF 中的用例图。它为图管理库和 APM 客户端提供标准 API，以设置和配置音频用例。 |
| **模块** | 模块是 SPF 中的一个功能块。它在 LPAI 子系统中执行实时音频处理。 |
| **Container** | Container 是一种框架实现，它在同一软件线程中一起运行一组数据处理模块。每个 container 都在自己的软件线程中运行。 |

Last Published: Nov 04, 2025

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