# Bluetooth overview

The Bluetooth^®^ wireless technology is a short-range communications system that facilitates wireless exchange of data between devices. The key advantages of Bluetooth technology are as follows:

- Replaces the cables connecting portable and fixed electronic devices.
- Provides robust, power efficient, and cost-effective solutions.
- Facilitates flexibility of solutions and their applications.

The Bluetooth technology provides the following radio options.

| Radio | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Basic Rate/Enhanced Data Rate (BR/EDR) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Offers optional EDR, alternate media access control (MAC), and physical layer (PHY) extensions.</p></li><br><li><p>Supports synchronous and asynchronous connections with a data rate of 721.2 Kbps for BR and 2.1 Mbps for EDR.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Low Energy | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Enables products that require lower current consumption, lower complexity, and lower cost than BR/EDR.</p></li><br><li><p>Facilitates use cases and applications with lower data rates and has lower duty cycles.</p></li><br></ul> |

BR/EDR and Low Energy radio options enable device discovery, connection establishment, and connection mechanisms. The optimal choice of radio depends on the use case or application of a solution.

The Qualcomm^®^ Linux^®^ supports Bluetooth solutions for the following kits.

| Kit | [Hardware system-on-chip (SoC)](https://docs.qualcomm.com/bundle/publicresource/topics/80-80022-115/soc.html) | Bluetooth chipset | Bluetooth stack |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Qualcomm Dragonwing<sup>TM</sup> RB3 Gen 2 Vision Development Kit</p></li><br><li><p>Qualcomm Dragonwing RB3 Gen 2 Core Development Kit</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>QCS6490</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>WCN6750</p></li><br><li><p>WCN6856</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>BlueZ</p></li><br></ul> |
| <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Qualcomm Dragonwing RB3 Gen 2 Lite Vision Development Kit</p></li><br><li><p>Qualcomm Dragonwing RB3 Gen 2 Lite Core Development Kit</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>QCS5430</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>WCN6750</p></li><br><li><p>WCN6856</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>BlueZ</p></li><br></ul> |
| <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Qualcomm Dragonwing IQ-9075 Evaluation Kit (EVK)</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>IQ-9075</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>WCN6856</p></li><br><li><p>WCN7850</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>BlueZ</p></li><br></ul> |
| <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Qualcomm Dragonwing IQ-8275 EVK</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>IQ-8275</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>WCN6856</p></li><br><li><p>WCN7850</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>BlueZ</p></li><br></ul> |
| <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Qualcomm Dragonwing IQ-615 EVK</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>IQ-615</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>QCA6698AQ</p></li><br></ul> | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>BlueZ</p></li><br></ul> |

The following figure shows the various components of the Qualcomm connectivity chipset, including the Bluetooth subsystem and its interaction with the application processor.

![High-level block diagram of a connectivity chipset.](data:image/png;base64,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)

**Figure : Qualcomm connectivity chipset block diagram**

## Bluetooth specification

The WCN6750, WCN6856, WCN7850, and QCA6698AQ connectivity chipsets comply with the *Bluetooth Core specification v5.2 or v5.3*. These chipsets have the following controller features and capabilities:

- A Bluetooth Low Energy data rate of up to 2 Mbps
- A long-range mode with better sensitivity at two new lower bit rates, 500 Kbps and 125 Kbps
- An 8x improvement in broadcast capability with the use of advertising extensions
- An improved channel selection algorithm (CSA #2), which facilitates improved channel coordination and coexistence efficiency with other Bluetooth and non-Bluetooth traffic

The following table lists the Bluetooth specifications and features supported by the WCN6750, WCN6856, WCN7850, and QCA6698AQ connectivity chipsets.

| Feature | WCN6750 | WCN6856 | WCN7850 | QCA6698AQ |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Bluetooth Low Energy secure connections | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Bluetooth Low Energy privacy 1.2 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Bluetooth 5.2 Core specification | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✓** |
| Bluetooth 5.3 Core specification | <br>**✕** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** |
| Data length extensions | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| 2 Mbps PHY | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Advertising extensions | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Bluetooth Low Energy long range | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| CSA #2 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| USB 1.1 interface support | <br>**✕** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** |

## BlueZ stack

BlueZ is a Bluetooth Linux stack that supports the core Bluetooth layers and protocols. BlueZ features are as follows:

- Complies with *Bluetooth Core specification v5.4*
- Supports multiple Bluetooth devices
- Implements a socket interface for all layers
- Supports multithreaded data processing

## Bluetooth profiles and roles

The Bluetooth profiles define the specifications, requirements, and roles of devices to establish a Bluetooth connection. A profile also determines the communication protocol used between devices.

The BlueZ stack supports the following Bluetooth profiles and roles for connectivity chipsets.

| <br>Profile | <br>Role | <br>Version | <br>Support on chipset | <br>Support on chipset | <br>Support on chipset |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| <br>Profile | <br>Role | <br>Version | WCN6750/<br>WCN6856 | WCN7850 | QCA6698AQ |
| General Access Profile (GAP) | Central and peripheral |  | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Serial Port Profile (SPP) | Client and server | v1.2 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Human interface device (HID) over GATT Profile (HOGP) | Host | v1 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| General Attribute Profile (GATT) | Central and peripheral |  | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| <br>Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) | Source | Nonsplit v1.3 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✓** |
| <br>Advanced Audio Distribution Profile (A2DP) | Sink | Nonsplit v1.3 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✓** |
| <br>Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) | Target | v1.5 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✓** |
| <br>Audio/Video Remote Control Profile (AVRCP) | Controller | v1.5 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✓** |
| <br>Hands-Free Profile (HFP) | Audio gateway | Nonsplit v1.7 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✕** |
| <br>Hands-Free Profile (HFP) | Client | Nonsplit v1.7 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✕** | <br>**✕** |
| Object Push Profile (OPP) | Client and server | v1.2 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| File Transfer Protocol (FTP) | Client and server | v1.2 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Phone Book Access Profile (PBAP) | Client and server | v1.1 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
| Message Access Profile (MAP) | Client and server | v1.2 | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** | <br>**✓** |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |

Note

Bluetooth profile concurrency is supported.

### General Access Profile

Bluetooth Low Energy GAP is an extension of the existing BR/EDR GAP. It handles the following basic operations of a device:

- Discover a device
- Establish a connection
- Bond multiple devices
- Establish a private connection
- Resolve private addresses

All Bluetooth devices must implement a basic level of functionality that GAP defines. GAP ensures that all Bluetooth devices can establish baseband connections, regardless of the higher-level functionality they support. GAP is responsible for the following functions:

- Generic procedures for discovering Bluetooth devices
- Link-management aspects for connecting to Bluetooth devices
- Procedures related to security levels
- Common formats for user interface-level parameters, such as naming conventions

GAP defines and assigns the following profile roles to the devices.

| Profile role | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Central | <ul><br><li><p>A device with relatively greater processing power and memory.</p><br><p>For example, a mobile phone or a tablet.</p><br></li><br><li><p>Always a primary device.</p></li><br><li><p>It does’nt advertise.</p></li><br><li><p>Supports active or passive scanning and all link layer control procedures.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Peripheral | <ul><br><li><p>A small, low-power, and resource-contained device that can connect to a much more powerful central device.</p><br><p>For example, an instrument like a heart rate monitor, or a Bluetooth Low Energy enabled proximity tag.</p><br></li><br><li><p>Always a secondary device.</p></li><br><li><p>Advertises over connections.</p></li><br><li><p>Supports all link layer control procedures.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Broadcaster | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Sends nonconnectable advertising events including characteristics and service data.</p></li><br><li><p>It doesn’t require a receiver.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Observer | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Receives advertising events and listens for characteristics and service data.</p></li><br><li><p>It doesn’t require a transmitter.</p></li><br></ul> |

### Serial Port Profile

SPP facilitates wireless communication between devices over a virtual serial port. It supports client and server roles.

SPP defines the following elements:

- Requirements of Bluetooth devices to set up emulated serial cable connections using Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM) between two peer devices.
- Terms of services provided to applications.
- Features and procedures for interoperability between Bluetooth devices.

### General Attribute Profile

GATT is a service framework that uses the Attribute Protocol (ATT) to discover services, and to read and write characteristic values on a peer device. It supports client and server roles.

GATT performs the following functions:

- Interfaces with the application through application profiles.

    The application profile defines the collection of attributes and any permissions required for the attributes used in communication between devices.
- Specifies how two Bluetooth Low Energy devices exchange data using services or declarations, characteristics, and descriptors.

    It doesn’t define rules for attribute use. The upper-layer applications derive functionality by using these concepts.
- Stores services, characteristics, and related data in a basic lookup table, with 16‑bit IDs assigned to each entry.

### Human Interface Device over GATT Profile

HOGP defines how a Bluetooth Low Energy wireless communications device can support HID services over the Bluetooth Low Energy protocol stack using GATT.

### Advanced Audio Distribution Profile

A2DP defines the requirements to transmit or stream high-quality audio from one device to another over a Bluetooth connection. For example, streaming music from a mobile phone, laptop, or desktop to a wireless headset, and streaming audio to a hearing aid, cochlear implant, or car console.

A2DP supports the following roles.

| Profile role | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Source | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>An audio source that streams digitally to the sink of the piconet.</p></li><br><li><p>Facilitates streaming of stereo-quality audio from a multimedia player to a wireless headset or speakers.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Sink | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>An audio receiver device in a wireless audio setup.</p></li><br><li><p>Compresses audio data using audio codecs and then decodes at the speaker with minimal loss.</p></li><br><li><p>Supports high-quality, wireless audio playback and offers a convenient way to enhance the audio experience.</p></li><br></ul> |

### Hands-Free Profile

HFP defines how an audio gateway device can connect to a hands-free device for functions like remote control and audio connection.

HFP defines and assigns the following profile roles to the devices.

| Profile role | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Client | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A hands-free device. For example, a wireless headset or a vehicle console.</p></li><br><li><p>Establishes service level connections, creates an audio connection with a remote audio gateway, and transports dual-tone multifrequency (DTMF) codes.</p></li><br><li><p>Supports functionalities like answering or rejecting an incoming call, dialing a number, and controlling the volume.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Audio gateway | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A gateway for audio input and output. For example, a mobile phone.</p></li><br><li><p>Communicates with a hands-free device, which controls the audio mechanism and other functions of the audio gateway remotely.</p></li><br></ul> |

### Object Push Profile

OPP defines how two Bluetooth devices can exchange objects, such as business cards, images, wallpapers, ringtones, or videos. It allows a Bluetooth device to:

- Pull an object from another Bluetooth device.
- Push an object to another Bluetooth device.
- Exchange objects with another Bluetooth device.

OPP supports client and server roles.

### File Transfer Protocol

FTP defines the requirements to exchange files between two Bluetooth devices. FTP supports client and server roles. It allows a Bluetooth device to:

- Browse the files and folders of another Bluetooth device.
- Exchange files and folders with another Bluetooth device.
- Create or delete files and folders on another Bluetooth device.

### Phone Book Access Profile

PBAP facilitates the exchange of phone book objects between a remote and a local device. It’s based on a client-server interaction model where the client device gets the phone book objects from the server device. In the BlueZ stack, PBAP supports the following roles:

- Phone book server equipment (PSE): Consists of the source phone book objects.
- Phone book client equipment (PCE): Retrieves phone book objects from the PSE.

The types of phone book objects are listed as follows.

| Phone book object | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Main phone book | Phone book of the device, such as a mobile phone. |
| Incoming call history | List of most recently received calls. |
| Outgoing call history | List of most recently made calls. |
| Missed call history | List of most recently missed calls. |
| Combined call history | List of most recently received, made, or missed calls. |
| Speed-dial contacts | List of speed dial entries on the PSE. |
| Favorite contacts | List of favorite contacts on the PSE. |

PBAP allows the following functions:

- Download contacts and call histories from a remote device.
- Browse contacts on a remote device.
- Select a phone book object.

### Message Access Profile

MAP defines the features and procedures that devices use to exchange message objects. It’s based on a client-server interaction model where the client initiates the transactions. The types of message objects include electronic messages (Email) and short message service (SMS).

MAP combines the messaging capabilities of a messaging server device and the user interface capabilities of a client device to notify, browse, read, delete, generate, and send messages. In the BlueZ stack, MAP supports the following device roles:

- Message server equipment (MSE): Provides the message repository engine.
- Message client equipment (MCE): Uses the message repository engine of the MSE for MAP functions.

## Next steps

- To get started with verifying the functionality of BlueZ stack, see [Verify functionality of BlueZ stack](https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-80022-13/topic/verify-bluetooth-functionality-of-bluez-stack.html#verify-bluetooth-functionality-of-bluez-stack).
- To learn more about the Bluetooth architecture, see [Bluetooth software architecture](https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-80022-13/topic/bt_architecture_overview.html#bt-architecture-overview).

Last Published: May 10, 2026

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