# Architecture

Source: [https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-70015-30/topic/thermal architecture.html](https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-70015-30/topic/thermal%20architecture.html)

The thermal architecture illustrates how the thermal framework of Qualcomm Linux
        interacts with temperature sensors (Tsens) hardware, cooling map interfaces, and user space
        clients.

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iqvSycciCSv66p5zHp7wYw7qkGe771/PsFYDDiOxnPSjQ8ivko9OvdEPBPU6ZOx1ZTJ2NTpyObOhlTNTYXCuAuyL4RkMue6IU6EahAehSbgoYi4IE8LdMUdWV7wOv3zr4F8lXSo0W5cnzlRT6K/3XM8FEya4OvXGSWNNU8s9DgZLsoDYExD3v6J//eozLFZqFzY7o7gTP5ekfEidqQNo2XkKnTKXzqdBemTkJZmIQwB6YxGvRc1JGn5tiTN3WQagDS2OiKurI1EP9VrMRJ+ddoPVLmpCxMkQOPN57aQWV0TTVPJIwuzo0LS8Lezx09PfYeyThF6iqNICFlzu0Jj+UdEck6nzrd202dVO6C9jMolyAdLzgVivDSNJXSVQOhZrqirmwPBpknpEWpeGrQgvX8dU9ogdDPkuaUwOktBH0IIhuiisF61GK9VuBUgabgNMtk70ao+EUnK9azehYN7uFTp7uOnOMemuuJEwvNkHu4lBIwmwsk5TBFXblivjO6rxc17QRZs2toHvLPJvRmT1QtzhRCurzd/QDp358dPaNa/gZ/bzF1CuH5RqtcjWTP9Bhq+QaoBtIHKurKlfLdRMyhlyW7wXoAeP3+iPcukDWn1oiza0EnNk8bPeXZPZbWNylXR28/PlafXtumEr4Sbc1AhrbM8JUE+FFSMokh0IbsGPbpHbq6C2TNlkhDII9Rnb23ZgfzvbENWK0xmfVA/QEikg0+xjztAbxq7ozhkiLb0x+Hbx2zPgHf2U+LXpYMpcXUqZubXh2Fp4/ENJgA1VBExTbKlVCczKHc4aM49+wCsXnt2QWKZjuIxiwOATW8YyAC26fwqdpKGR1TAPR8Fj9CcoNvMV+dz00+7IfM3MfWfF7wxqP8pOiRrGPYvohQEL3AXc8l+AwkvIyvgjVthI7QFaly1eSnSlOtm7jn/27mpis7pqJjKtohD8HovL6X5DNVZo72ZHLWNyYBlO941Y2gVVIYvIrTBdJyzz9ghstybktMuMYfyYOKX3SyLpCPrXoGUKrUzmG5iHz6IjIhm8ULTgGzuTYEKOrKlfDdRCqf/bl/rxValmlX2Imdun1wvuKNsfUDVXNugTgEW7Agcd8YUAEaQzn302QaXMTnH+afQ9PTQ0ondzl3z6HpxPPN4Tvrjj/o8o0Y9/jIPzHihdYx69WOqdARP8laEZSLPbyhLwLidOguqGZJtQ26YoByJYiYR6lgS8qdPeXKRG8fQG39FF2zBQFDQOWpoz3p+Z+Ker5iGflKAPmH+Se85VHEBbitUrun+HPCd/YjodoXnazLB8LUSUY6+5JNQGAuogmcZMosnvtJVc0yFT5a5AMZoKgrV8NVEynxnkDPDt0VxbYvepEbe6K3tgRotqPE+0sYAv5uLlec1VNQn0sQ1BGT/T9nhgsOWbTwnf2FhTZfsdIJ4lzo+AGcdMrEUnwG5qL97atCqYEnHQ5o5blx6dlABigGKFdDWrwqNdhsg/lBrpZnL08pjw2+hL0gt13sh5GwTnvAeyKheOirifo916vjOay8Qm8Ov8XTxR9ixKMf1rEnRlQNQq44PQGkRpwGWesTWKoJKDFXKebpIr0vvQ7PZnBmIxz946t3PG/UzHem5qOmwrHYsnjFVfuiU1cU2ybAj3QuFEA502vsBOQKiR52jR1NVV2+Lm9kMpCyYqhyVaSSwee8G9PVwuRTTjbucchtjqbyIeseYfw+ONFaHqy6qeRR53pn7fr4FGu2WGPBxBk9VU+RExpT4bQHXW4rhWzrk4SWTzLtV67BPSrOmlIhucH7KEw+xemCew6zWWYr596xNc3jw4KAD2tZj04zDBfcIq1pFXChp/cPs8reTj4R0bL2jsNKg6B/kAI+rEHAJyXmcmZ93Mxy18/L2w9C0+LrVxYenPY0363JRz2WmcS7Z018ftstFQbPIzd5F1vTsRdSZCXsD90jjA+jVo1HXHDPNFMA90xjsaYeLizWYRXyql47C+KD5GpiSsTE6//UFHgDOxKZIue7YjkLeyrlt/sYIO6USgafozdKyQs5sSJl7ax7hJBikQpaeFfXXjpvGkJRCwHpgU3aNxCCuXAXHFPitBdCHr2xJTEl5J/st/tD+BAQE2rEx1KY1+q2i0rJ50jJ/5CqUqjUrHqsAQhzzAZr+pT7q4hVHHCwsDp31g9+DoupIMUtn28mDcs5eLPPiz+KUOG8xjVx/mHc89Vq9YoKukcI9ywgapSgzVqwnr+ml4Nxz/r3BFrMEOylnEL+QSteRsg3XJt8em/bVRG/wj/ERTvud7c9k+rNYotqHt8h8hmTOR/c/HtjPrB8GzHYC74zWSPF7+DmsHYL+3RQOn6ch8u3vVHekw3jt5QvDE2cfyinCw5Ztrjn9qvDCF3dEXRfRCiIFDuCvp3bDrYvuprho7iP32/imyXEBbitjPkCf8iHU417uhk+RI82BGzWDWQqzkUZksg9d8bnhU76WbmHIFW2XaFsFhM+siRODRmIpq7h07kUm3sH7rmDz9G2RPkcbeecLhxmPjQl2xkxgdQwa+p2nPY035WY0klzgDg5MTmUZbJiCyb77pg8rX9BXBf28wJpueWinevpnnWP9pSTdO6nbh/E3gHfGQH3tazDRbpvF9N3ORo5k1PNpdQLlnOrB/HG8pVROfeTKs5ClN0TEE5P3MX5ijvABmq5DJ095eYgS/95wUdu6PfEpPnqgLFxPKzi6YaXcwlCz9fmfMXNFxNR7NTv+aVnlGvq3B4W4NEa5Ro7XVGsXh3ez0YOzCJBzsOFXoKnC8q8vBGbwRleTi+ZEwQx5fmuOKz6NXZUcaKy2W7ojUn8ZUV3iF7BH/aPvXi8VM3DkCgz4fzjflgp/tmgwp2T6aP6ApYhC7/YAPpmH5es8wFYZqI7H/jvSLpXfqfTjSpeQw5j7olrdY8BuSYuYzcqGycltLPQOWHK4vBIhiM33H4dHMtsf3qJC7y9n5rR19OnpI5uT5AlrYTqoMvRKMdGxOMbhzt18jgwgZm4D1x1iQHYjSn+fkPO5YOVMl5Q6czricnE0LdMoaHPlnC/CtlUfcXwT/DqceH/kY0a6oh+yCP2wGSkKdlvL9pxtAb2O4e2xgDHTPp7we1cbOtIK1U95lLiATiYzuRcFoTqWMZSzgc021rCIdOC9tnE0OSH3Rw+WxM6seG5uTA8y9zoO7bGDL8awz/DT1k/S+7aSx9VozZpVX570e5zA/MqDZMx1d74a8jE42AsQ1pFhDkwjfGG4EY62CN15I8byUMWQlsDD52E4SGilkT9M2VrP7vNzBIqJ61FqufqHkW9Bo+F4ZEbzmLpj+6zZKYg5rDlDaoqd/148ZlK1Obezzy0HzKrawbLMjQqjeGXSfrMcOMIcW4cJSdWzHQKzdC6v4jbCqYSYjNLUqIz28oSqtHQVFILzRNYEmfRZ7qpqE8NN5CYZBb5wtRyxVODFqznr+kFCOgfJhJKmztxhckPWWh3JfSZVjxnMoEAffrNwEYa84uatiJ8Otw8jGQ31iWK/vDzon+fnOtNlOwCIgTgdfw4Tx7EIbe8seQzM7UEpZZ/+jevlnv3Sbkb0toxbF/fbDXxmTLpa/ombSvarP5ZIZINNBxv3FnQS2sXyMdWLd1shmpU+kITj5e0I49paJNmwC0g+ltR/+dFbiDj4p7389h0b8dUf6Pjz9HSsr7wOo5PIfQF1VoQ8DnanxeFgYRjJ1U6GTuxU7cPzgcAPnOEuzbnfpp4DJD5c0DoFmjnfprsh8TGrlQoy4d0iLhSeReltbOnHITfurSjmopNNMcyqLl8YOHHCz31hR66Dfr5in96yEEnBSf/9qJPVrqiWH0Bfhvp+RU7u8bO8SxET5iEcYhTE/p1stIK+Ro751I2UeiuYT3/nS8/q9WyOjqtwxNM7lGazf4pY3XUpOs8QXX5wq9/tihMiSuIT/jWis17eCx/tshPfEEZnwDdcCx/tuhdaVJiDco60KOMc/nTRUqpiDucrPzyH/gP/oP/4D/4D/6D/1xODOoqCZF+i8GQ0dB1E6m3sQZj7na68QrrgHTbXFJT5vd9bTvafTNYT7PoYrDuG/iSPaaVtivfG2tWXQw2nWiVmoks36dMxhpsO3rdJlukpUwu0JfUtjNYt8mWrIgLX59WZLo4qmYikiuGqpV8NvipZiJSKA8vWPLjMjP+vovl4VnywzNjxt93SXl2b3rfsOeHZQ48vVakrDy7zfFn1vywzHfzTtWSv8+uSJN86Bm5XOA/+A/+A7WCusv7WqbfYnCWROLtrLcGl4kOSLfNb9RlMvh7CiNcPGjgP/gP/oP/4D/4D/6D/+A/+A/+g//gP/gP/oP/4D/4D/6D/+A/+I9IW+tlEZHpc1pjpvpSFm4qvSoxbLipfnlz1Ro2/FS/rLlqDRuOql9srlrDhqfq55upFjfqlSfqMvn5Hum24Dj/mZvjKYxy++zYEKOziDEo9RacZVug34ImV8mNAP/Bf/Af/Af/wX/wH/wH/8F/8B/8B//Bf/Af/Af/wX/w39y+JmjL8J1R4f+rxkz/99esbNitth49y/MdErD6l/9Qa/F+AXDdKR5+e1DBJwbbvoDlM2uaGvMB8GOmWI86X4FlpKsneORxU9aiyZZSqA0xvoS/Ts+VTXfZcmTcr9xL1VRikMV/c45EI1JGR6XfDewxKNGsKJZfLoTiYOIe6VGKfQC90bZt5rDrBBwp8M9cYg8MuqZ8oPMxFxsADnwucVco9mSSFT5L0Ybmh2gphNo2oVgX9R3ZiQjEPXrjQiOlCi8gB2gWeQpcSpWo0o7oz8fdtWgzs+QekYda5GFG9dAnSc0aUhYqPECzaO1uT45HmdF9ps1faW+L0ail0PCbZE+Z2SFMcseKZWxPcWK7appBshMnZZHGvlL1GBBNtBy9CbVBttmAZlk+I5vsiouvZDNpFi1rijwFKqc3mTKhN+qnRZMrXg61Kbaj+QCypF0HaJoiQ2kHeRjpbtqghDqxsWeoOE8JACqd9oqCKqpmlzf29Jm+Ih0QTUAI9SKhGNlzP9kHkDJ5Z7YNumbI6mDKhCHTCCRaKwrd1fA+5yJVu9jGE3wU1FJWCShvteytD2f09OU+M+FZjCaghlrkYmckf8g1ZcIMVP1G16RIn4ytCIQ+vFEZMdroqMxS2JEUin+xJ7zmUmIP9okcpB1/lVknQFO4w+1RbEAgTICKitG2TTQJPRT/UuJeu/h6FU5InANWq5rSMjDVoQWjkxeWA6JJlkqoqWFhR7HtFcByjLzi7wnAdRf0FE1TXs7sGjthiB8JEqK9SDTlKXKo8ybrrxnxl//Af/Af/Af/wX/wH/wH/8F/8N8v/4H/4D/4D/6D/+A/+A/+m8NODOoqCZF+i8EY0WCYROrtrLZJ/hjUHeN8BB2QbptLao78vq9txzibBuuJCaWVNjHVNBNZvs9UtSLSstWWrLhqTxdX7Vyx1RbZ4KldKI7axeKoXVL8tEuLoWZXpElZ4D/4D/6D/+A/+A/+g//gP/gP/oP/4D/4D/6D/+A/+A/+g//gP/gP/oP/4D/4D/6D/+A/+A/+m5va1ihL5uVoNNpiplopywYz1UxKLN9P3LTKm51WabPTKmuGWiXNVatNiaVWoVlq5ZupVq65arWJq2pe3WerEjfarTxRl8nP90i3BT02uEx0PIVRbp8dG2J0FjEGpd6Cs2wL9FvQ5Cq5EeA/+A/+g//gv1/+A//Bf/Af/Af//fIfoGKCtgzfy5+FxNA9FR5/zcpm2mrr0bMUv/yHH4j3C4DrTvHw20Moa9u+gOUzh2kGy5UzsXt9ZpayzldgGd+YD4Afc4P1SJmJ98YEJmuhPYujshHFF9iS/pdNYtlyZNyv3EvVlLk9iQ1v6EGyoxwbCY+NAln8d2NR4TP5LmEPjw2j+9xOu1Tno2KbT8Q90qMU+wB69tVMRNeJ/rAn4J+5xB4YVE0j6HJM/phLidfGjtBUd9yVMhEjG4CGuEdl30VwgZQl7UOAdnU6KkPzY+OJCl+JwEQE4h69caGRUplpyqomRZfTXlROmVL59w8DnZGzmTMVnAAMtLsna6GtjIr7vAnFqB3QtEpqRktVqHBVkxEgN7vP3N0j2xP3ilzVI9+9Pf2zMWdz57GFdnWP4qhsOjGz45BCinJCynTeKnQ919TQ5cRl4qSsxpre4OU9enrsecEHa4eNysbTUwY0y/IZ2evJ4uIr/SCPUNaypsZQdNbz1/QCQ3hZmUG358YVg/WotLGDtYNGJW4+7Wg+gCxp1wGaZiu+XrR3QxiKBJvykn82oTd7ohZZe3MLaTlPCQAqm8y2mAarmuFY32i9fn/Eqe0NfRibp42e8uweS3vtDaxzP9kH6LQ15TbomoEIn9YppYgErabKdfbemh3M98aqrXbKG1Ho1T7B1+Z5o6CWsopayWsgYvHaU0E8NMr6Bqp0x/BGjy153E57gs/iqGxC7UjsyLjnTTkDVZ8G65rtqZCQPggrGFGBJflMTKhKW22uNDpq2XTCnvCaS4k9UGmLph1/lVl/61bXbPvgfMUbswhRuj2KDeDEPZAyFSBt31bbkU6l2BZIeeOJEvfaxdercK7gHLBa1QzHrkzt9gFUhTKwUAOBOFEpewKDEZVDG+3qwqhsQj3Fttc3lmPkFX9P7CI6AWiawRC3FzmTBT2KWKGcpWvs8O8gqvzmbWvteH8BuO42WX/NiL/8B/6D/+A/+A/+g//gP/gP/oP/4D/4D/6D/+A/+A/+wxRiUFdJiPRbDK6SSL19pccGl4kOSLfNJXWZDNYTYw38B//Bf/Af/Af/wX/wH75WAAA=)

Figure : Thermal architecture

Table : Description of the components of thermal architecture

| Components of thermal architecture | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Thermal device tree | <ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_v1g_3dg_mcc"><br>                                    <li class="li">A thermal zone is configured for every Tsens.</li><br><br>                                    <li class="li">Each thermal zone consists of sensor hardware information,<br>                                        different levels of thermal thresholds, and their respective<br>                                        cooling actions.</li><br><br>                                    <li class="li">All rules for a thermal zone are defined in the device<br>                                        tree.</li><br><br>                                </ul> |
| Thermal framework | The thermal framework parses the thermal zone rules from the<br>                                    device tree and configures Tsens hardware to generate interrupts<br>                                    when temperature crosses the threshold. |
| Thermal governor | <ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_sqy_4dg_mcc"><br>                                    <li class="li">The thermal governor is a temperature monitor algorithm that<br>                                        controls the temperature of a thermal zone.</li><br><br>                                    <li class="li">It mitigates the cooling devices associated with the zone<br>                                        and keeps the temperature within the limit.</li><br><br>                                    <li class="li">Upon receipt of interrupt notification from Tsens hardware,<br>                                        the thermal framework uses a stepwise thermal governor to<br>                                        communicate the cooling actions to the cooling map interface<br>                                        (CPU frequency driver).</li><br><br>                                </ul> |
| Cooling map interface | <ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_esw_sdg_mcc"><br>                                    <li class="li">A cooling map interface is a collection of devices that can<br>                                        be throttled to reduce the temperature of Qualcomm<br>                                        Linux.</li><br><br>                                    <li class="li"> Every trip instance of the thermal zone is associated with<br>                                        a cooling device. </li><br><br>                                    <li class="li">The thermal core framework aggregates all the cooling device<br>                                        instance requests and places the aggregated requests to the<br>                                        cooling device.</li><br><br>                                </ul> |
| User space clients | User space clients use the following interfaces to communicate<br>                                with the thermal framework: <ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_uw1_qn5_vcc"><br>                                    <li class="li">The <code class="ph codeph">sysfs</code> interface is used to read the<br>                                        temperature of Tsens and kernel trip information.</li><br><br>                                    <li class="li">The <code class="ph codeph">Netlink</code> interface gets information of<br>                                        Tsens temperature notifications.</li><br><br>                                </ul> |

## Thermal mitigation policies

Qualcomm Linux has in-built software and hardware mitigation policies that are used
                to regulate the thermal behavior of the device.

The thermal framework applies the mitigation policies when required and operates in
                the following ways:
- Uses on-die Tsens to monitor the thermal response of the system
- Applies mitigation based on thermal threshold limits as per the device
                        tree
- Provides software throttling, hardware throttling, software shutdown, and
                        hardware shutdown mitigation policies to control temperature

Table : Temperature management techniques and description

| Temperature management techniques | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Software throttling | <ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_dvg_vps_lcc"><br>                                    <li class="li">The Tsens triggers an interrupt whenever the temperature in<br>                                        the system crosses the configured threshold.</li><br><br>                                    <li class="li">The thermal framework initiates the following mitigation<br>                                        actions on the CPU, GPU, and NSP in response to the<br>                                            interrupts:<ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_ehb_dqs_lcc"><br>                                            <li class="li">Thermal DCVS<ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_i3q_dqs_lcc"><br>                                                  <li class="li">Reduces the maximum operating frequency if<br>                                                  temperature thresholds are crossed</li><br><br>                                                  <li class="li">Voltage scaling occurs according to clock<br>                                                  scaling, which reduces power consumption and<br>                                                  temperature in turn</li><br><br>                                                </ul><br></li><br><br>                                            <li class="li">CPU idle injection<p class="p">The core is put in the deepest<br>                                                  Low-Power state for the configured idle<br>                                                time.</p><br></li><br><br>                                        </ul><br></li><br><br>                                </ul> |
| Hardware throttling | <ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_vtb_b3w_pcc"><br>                                    <li class="li">In-built hardware executes thermal mitigation actions<br>                                        ensuring system reliability</li><br><br>                                </ul><ul class="ul" id="thermal_architecture__ul_lm3_b3w_pcc"><br>                                    <li class="li">Reduces CPU and NSP clock speed to quickly recover from high<br>                                        thermal conditions</li><br><br>                                </ul> |
| Software shutdown | The thermal framework initiates graceful shutdown upon receiving<br>                                interruption from Tsens. |
| Hardware shutdown | The hardware initiates a device shutdown. |

Note: The thermal mitigation techniques are for information
                purpose only. They help to understand performance regressions during high thermal
                conditions.

The following tables show the temperatures at which in-built software and hardware
                mitigation occur.

| Mitigation actions | CPU | NSP | GPU |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Software throttling | 116 ºC <br>Mitigation action: Core idle injection | 105 ºC <br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling | 105 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling |
| Hardware throttling | 110 ºC <br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling | 110 ºC <br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling | Not applicable |
| Software shutdown | 118 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 118 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 118 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown |
| Hardware shutdown | 120 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 120 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 120 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown |

| Mitigation actions | CPU | NSP | GPU |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Software throttling | 115 ºC <br>Mitigation action: Core idle injection | 110 ºC <br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling | 105 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling |
| Hardware throttling | 105 ºC <br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling | 102ºC <br>Mitigation action: Frequency throttling | Not applicable |
| Software shutdown | 118 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 118 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 118 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown |
| Hardware shutdown | 120 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 120 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown | 120 ºC<br>Mitigation action: Device<br>                                    shutdown |

Note: 
                    
To mitigate thermal conditions, you can create your own thermal zone rules
                        based on a PCB thermistor. For more information, see [Configure a new
                            thermal zone](https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-70015-30/topic/customize.html#customize__section_lq4_xxb_51c).

**Parent Topic:** [Thermal management](https://docs.qualcomm.com/doc/80-70015-30/topic/thermalmanagement.html)

Last Published: Oct 16, 2024

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