# Bluetooth software architecture

The Bluetooth software architecture consists of open-source and Qualcomm proprietary software.

The following figure shows how the user space and kernel space components interact through a socket interface. In the user space, the sample test applications interact with the BlueZ Bluetooth daemon to run Bluetooth functions.

![The software architecture and components of Bluetooth solution.](data:image/png;base64,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)

**Figure : Bluetooth software architecture**

The Bluetooth software architecture consists of the user space, the kernel space, and the Bluetooth controller.

## User space components

The user space comprises the following Bluetooth applications, daemon, and interface layers.

| Component | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Bluetooth daemon (bluetoothd) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A central daemon.</p></li><br><li><p>Comprises data bus (DBUS) interfaces for the user interface and other subsystems.</p></li><br><li><p>Reduces exposure to low-level details.</p></li><br><li><p>Extends with plugins.</p></li><br></ul> |
| bluetoothctl | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A test tool to verify Bluetooth functionality.</p></li><br><li><p>Provides options to verify using a command-line interface (CLI).</p></li><br></ul> |
| mpris-proxy | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A proxy DBUS service for Media Player Remote Interfacing Specification (MPRIS).</p></li><br></ul> |
| obexctl | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A test tool to verify Object Exchange Protocol (OBEX) functionality.</p></li><br></ul> |
| OBEX daemon (obexd) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A daemon for the OBEX profile.</p></li><br><li><p>Comprises DBUS interfaces for the user interface.</p></li><br></ul> |
| ofono | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Provides a test application for HFP.</p></li><br><li><p>Searches for modem and then enables the HFP audio gateway role.</p></li><br></ul> |
| ofono-tests | Provides options to perform the following functions:<br><br><br><br>> <br>> <br>> <ul class="simple"><br>> <li><p>Dial</p></li><br>> <li><p>Answer</p></li><br>> <li><p>Create multiparty</p></li><br>> <li><p>Hold and answer</p></li><br>> <li><p>Swap</p></li><br>> <li><p>Release calls</p></li><br>> </ul> |
| PipeWire | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A sound server for portable operating system interface (POSIX).</p></li><br><li><p>Facilitates advanced operations on sound data that passes between the applications and hardware.</p></li><br></ul> |

## Kernel space components

The kernel space comprises the following core components and drivers.

| Component | Description |
| --- | --- |
| Bluetooth management (btmgmt) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Enables user space to control kernel operations.</p></li><br><li><p>Supports GAP functionalities such as adapter settings, device discovery, and device pairing.</p></li><br></ul> |
| BlueZ Host Control Interface (HCI) core | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Sends and receives HCI commands/events from the user space HCI component to the Qualcomm Bluetooth driver through the raw socket.</p></li><br></ul> |
| HCI | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A layer in the Bluetooth protocol stack.</p></li><br><li><p>Defines how the host and the Bluetooth radio controller must interact.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Breaks large data packets into smaller frames for transmission. The destined component re-assembles the frames.</p></li><br><li><p>Handles quality-of-service (QoS) requirements.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Qualcomm Bluetooth driver | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Handles the Bluetooth general-purpose input/output (GPIO) configurations.</p></li><br><li><p>Enables or disables the regulators to turn the chip on or off.</p></li><br><li><p>Handles the download of Bluetooth patch and nonvolatile data during the Bluetooth on sequence.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Radio Frequency Communication (RFCOMM) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Creates reliable and stream-based channels.</p></li><br><li><p>Has 30 ports. In contrast, the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) has 65,535 ports.</p></li><br><li><p>An L2CAP connection encapsulates each RFCOMM connection.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Session Description Protocol (SDP) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Provides the means for client applications to discover the existing services provided by server applications.</p></li><br><li><p>Provides the attributes of services, which include the type or class of service offered, and the mechanism or protocol information required to use the service.</p></li><br></ul> |
| SLIMbus Bluetooth driver | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>Configures, opens, and closes the SLIMbus ports for Bluetooth audio use cases.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Synchronous Connection Oriented (SCO) | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A type of data link in Bluetooth.</p></li><br><li><p>Provides links that are point-to-point connections between a central device and a single peripheral device.</p></li><br></ul> |
| Universal asynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) serial driver | <ul class="simple"><br><li><p>A teletype (TTY) serial driver facilitates communication with the Bluetooth controller.</p></li><br></ul> |

## Bluetooth controller components

The Bluetooth controller components include the Link Manager Protocol (LMP), link controller, baseband, and RF system of the connectivity chipset.

Last Published: May 10, 2026

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